Tullis C, Walters G
J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Mar;11(2):147-52. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-147.
The performance of rats trained on multiple variable-interval schedules was examined before, during, and after punishment. The same linear function related relative response rates to relative density of reinforcement both in the presence and absence of punishment. Equal relative suppression was seen in both the high and low reinforcement density components. The intercept value of the function was zero. Each component of the schedule was programmed on a separate lever: thus during any component, there was an opportunity for responses on the nonoperative lever (errors). The proportions of these errors declined to a near-zero value during punishment and did not regain their prepunishment values after punishment was removed, suggesting that some discrimination learning occurred during punishment. Recovery of response rate during punishment was seen only where a greater-than-zero probability of reinforcement was associated with the response.
对在多个可变间隔时间表上训练的大鼠在惩罚前、惩罚期间和惩罚后的表现进行了检查。在有惩罚和无惩罚的情况下，相同的线性函数将相对反应率与强化的相对密度联系起来。在高强化密度和低强化密度成分中都观察到了相等的相对抑制。该函数的截距值为零。时间表的每个成分都在单独的杠杆上编程：因此在任何成分期间，都有机会在非操作杠杆上做出反应（错误）。这些错误的比例在惩罚期间下降到接近零的值，并且在惩罚解除后没有恢复到惩罚前的值，这表明在惩罚期间发生了一些辨别学习。只有在反应与大于零的强化概率相关联的情况下，才会在惩罚期间看到反应率的恢复。
