Holz W C
J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 May;11(3):285-92. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-285.
This experiment investigated the effect of several punishment intensities on two responses maintained by contrasting rates of reinforcement. The responses were concurrently reinforced according to two different variable-interval schedules. Because these schedules were independent of one another and programmed different rates of reinforcement, the two responses occurred at dissimilar rates. When responses were simultaneously suppressed by punishment, both rates were reduced proportionately until suppression was virtually complete. In other words, the per cent suppression resulting from punishment was independent of the rate at which the response was reinforced. Phenomena found in single-response studies were duplicated here. Responding tended to increase both within and between punishment sessions at mild and moderate punishment intensities. Cessation of punishment led to a "compensatory" overshooting beyond the prepunished response rate.
本实验研究了几种惩罚强度对由不同强化速率维持的两种反应的影响。根据两种不同的可变间隔时间表同时对反应进行强化。由于这些时间表相互独立且设定了不同的强化速率，两种反应以不同的速率发生。当反应同时受到惩罚抑制时，两种速率都成比例降低，直至几乎完全抑制。换句话说，惩罚导致的抑制百分比与反应被强化的速率无关。单反应研究中发现的现象在此重复出现。在轻度和中度惩罚强度下，反应在惩罚期间内以及不同惩罚期间之间都倾向于增加。惩罚停止导致出现超过惩罚前反应速率的“补偿性”超调。
