Abernethy J D
Thorax. 1968 Jul;23(4):421-6. doi: 10.1136/thx.23.4.421.
Atmospheric fog plays some role in the production of symptoms in chronic bronchitis, but hitherto the blame has rested with pollutants rather than with the water droplet content itself. An investigation of the effects of an artificial water-containing fog at room temperature on the F.E.V. of seven patients with chronic bronchitis showed a significant reduction (mean 17·9%) as compared with a minimal or absent effect in seven out of eight normal subjects. The effect tended to persist in sensitive subjects but could be reversed by a bronchodilator. Additional experiments measuring airways resistance, total pulmonary resistance, and static and dynamic compliance tended to support the hypothesis that the fog effect is due to reflex bronchoconstriction. I suggest that water droplets, each having a finite momentum, initiate the reflex in the same manner as dust particles. Although these experiments were confined to large doses inhaled for brief intervals, it is possible that the presence of water droplets alone would increase the morbidity from atmospheric fog. Epidemiological studies on the effects of fog should include direct measurement of the water droplet content. Therapeutic aerosols might also produce this adverse effect.
大气雾在慢性支气管炎症状的产生中起到一定作用，但迄今为止，人们一直将 blame 归咎于污染物而非水滴本身。一项关于室温下人工含水雾对 7 例慢性支气管炎患者第一秒用力呼气量（F.E.V.）影响的研究表明，与 8 名正常受试者中的 7 名仅有极小影响或无影响相比，其 F.E.V. 显著降低（平均降低 17.9%）。这种影响在敏感受试者中往往持续存在，但可被支气管扩张剂逆转。测量气道阻力、总肺阻力以及静态和动态顺应性的额外实验倾向于支持这样一种假设，即雾的影响是由于反射性支气管收缩所致。我认为，每个具有一定动量的水滴，与尘埃颗粒一样，以相同方式引发反射。尽管这些实验仅限于短时间吸入大剂量的情况，但仅水滴的存在就有可能增加大气雾导致的发病率。关于雾影响的流行病学研究应包括对水滴含量的直接测量。治疗性气雾剂也可能产生这种不良影响。
