van Furth R, Cohn Z A
J Exp Med. 1968 Sep 1;128(3):415-35. doi: 10.1084/jem.128.3.415.
The origin and turnover of efferent populations of mouse mononuclear phagocytes has been described. Mononuclear phagocytes were defined as mononuclear cells which are able to adhere to glass and phagocytize. In vitro labeling studies with thymidine-(3)H showed that monocytes in the peripheral blood and peritoneal macrophages do not multiply and can be considered end cells in a normal, steady state situation. However, the mononuclear phagocytes of the bone marrow appear to be rapidly dividing cells. This conclusion was supported by in vivo labeling experiments. A peak of labeled mononuclear phagocytes of the bone marrow was found 24 hr after a pulse of thymidine-(3)H. This was followed, 24 hr later, by a peak of labeled monocytes in the peripheral blood. From these experiments it was concluded that the rapidly dividing mononuclear phagocytes of the bone marrow, called promonocytes, are the progenitor cells of the monocytes. Labeling studies after splenectomy and after X-irradiation excluded other organs as a major source of the monocytes. Peak labeling of both the blood monocyte and peritoneal macrophages occurred at the same time. A rapid entry of monocytes from the blood into the peritoneal cavity was observed, after a sterile inflammation was evoked by an injection of newborn calf serum. These data have led to the conclusion that monocytes give rise to peritoneal macrophages. No indications have been obtained that mononuclear phagocytes originate from lymphocytes. In the normal steady state the monocytes leave the circulation by a random process, with a half-time of 22 hr. The average blood transit time of the monocytes has been calculated to be 32 hr. The turnover rate of peritoneal macrophages was low and estimated at about 0.1% per hour. On the basis of these studies the life history of mouse mononuclear phagocytes was formulated to be: promonocytes in the bone marrow, --> monocytes in the peripheral blood, --> macrophages in the tissue.
小鼠单核吞噬细胞传出群体的起源和更新已被描述。单核吞噬细胞被定义为能够黏附于玻璃并进行吞噬的单核细胞。用胸腺嘧啶核苷 -（³H）进行的体外标记研究表明，外周血中的单核细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞不会增殖，在正常稳态情况下可被视为终末细胞。然而，骨髓中的单核吞噬细胞似乎是快速分裂的细胞。这一结论得到了体内标记实验的支持。在注射胸腺嘧啶核苷 -（³H）脉冲后24小时，发现骨髓中标记的单核吞噬细胞出现峰值。24小时后，外周血中标记的单核细胞出现峰值。从这些实验得出结论，骨髓中快速分裂的单核吞噬细胞，即原单核细胞，是单核细胞的祖细胞。脾切除和X射线照射后的标记研究排除了其他器官作为单核细胞的主要来源。血液单核细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的标记峰值同时出现。在注射新生小牛血清引发无菌炎症后，观察到单核细胞从血液快速进入腹腔。这些数据得出结论，单核细胞可分化为腹腔巨噬细胞。没有迹象表明单核吞噬细胞起源于淋巴细胞。在正常稳态下，单核细胞通过随机过程离开循环系统，半衰期为22小时。单核细胞的平均血液转运时间经计算为32小时。腹腔巨噬细胞的更新率较低，估计约为每小时0.1%。基于这些研究，小鼠单核吞噬细胞的生命历程被确定为：骨髓中的原单核细胞，→外周血中的单核细胞，→组织中的巨噬细胞。
