Wolman A
Environ Health Perspect. 1978 Dec;27:337-44. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7827337.
The disposal and management of solid wastes are ancient problems. The evolution of practices naturally changed as populations grew and sites for disposal became less acceptable. The central search was for easy disposal at minimum costs. The methods changed from indiscriminate dumping to sanitary landfill, feeding to swine, reduction, incineration, and various forms of re-use and recycling. Virtually all procedures have disabilities and rising costs. Many methods once abandoned are being rediscovered. Promises for so-called innovations outstrip accomplishments. Markets for salvage vary widely or disappear completely. The search for conserving materials and energy at minimum cost must go on forever.
固体废物的处理与管理是由来已久的问题。随着人口增长以及可供处置的场地越来越难以接受，处理方式自然也发生了演变。核心诉求是尽可能以低成本实现简易处置。方法从随意倾倒转变为卫生填埋、喂猪、减量、焚烧以及各种形式的再利用和回收利用。几乎所有程序都存在缺陷且成本不断上升。许多曾经被摒弃的方法如今又被重新发现。所谓创新的前景远远超过实际成果。废品回收市场差异巨大，甚至完全消失。以最低成本节约材料和能源的探索必须持续下去。
