Prothero R M
Int J Epidemiol. 1977 Sep;6(3):259-67. doi: 10.1093/ije/6.3.259.
There is much historical evidence of the spread of disease through human mobility. Today in spite of medical advances and international health measures there is still much cause for concern. There is now more mobility, facilitated by modern transport and sometimes precipitated by major natural and man-made disasters. Redistribution of population is occuring in the developing world, particularly massive rural-urban movements. Population mobility has contributed to the transmission of malaria and prejudiced programmes for control and eradication; but mobility and other human factors have not been adequately studied. Parasites and vectors receive more attention than do people. Epidemiological studies need to pay greater attention to the nature and variety of population movements and to their differing impacts upon disease and health. It is essential to distinguish between migration (involving change of residence) and circulation (movement away from residence with sebsequent return). In tropical Africa various spatial and temporal dimensions can be applied to differentiate within these two major categories of mobility. In turn there are various associated physical and psychological health hazards.
有许多关于疾病通过人口流动传播的历史证据。如今，尽管医学取得了进步并采取了国际卫生措施，但仍有许多令人担忧的理由。现在人口流动性更大了，这得益于现代交通，有时还因重大自然和人为灾害而加剧。发展中世界正在发生人口重新分布，特别是大规模的农村向城市的迁移。人口流动助长了疟疾的传播，并妨碍了疟疾控制和根除计划；但人口流动及其他人为因素尚未得到充分研究。寄生虫和病媒比人受到更多关注。流行病学研究需要更加关注人口流动的性质和多样性及其对疾病和健康的不同影响。区分移民（涉及居住地变更）和循环流动（离开居住地随后返回）至关重要。在热带非洲，可以应用各种空间和时间维度来区分这两大类流动。相应地，还存在各种相关的身心健康危害。
