Mori T, Kayama T, Katakura R
No Shinkei Geka. 1977 Nov;5(12):1299-303.
Although complication occasionally occur in the use of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VP-shunt), the occurrence of intractable ascites and extracranial metastasis through the shunt are uncommon. Recently intractable ascites occurred in a two years old girl in whom a left VP-shunt had been placed before four month for obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to medulloblastoma. Paracentesis was performed with recovery of clear, straw-colored fluid with a specific gravity of 1012, a protein content of 0.3 gm/L and many of mononuclear cell on microscopic examination. Liver-scan and enzyme profile gave normal results. During 3 weeks, 6 times paracentesis were performed and total volumes of ascites were 3850 ml. At 5 and 6 times paracentesis, Carboquone 1 mg was injected into peritoneal cavity and 0.1 mg into ventricle cavity through flashing device. After these injection, intractable ascites were cured, no metastasis can be seen in peritoneal cavity when died 4 month later. No precise explanation can be offered for occurrence of this intractable ascites. It is said that chronic irritation of the visceral and parietal peritoneum or sub-clinical peritonitis may cause peritoneal malabsorption. In our case, antitumor agent was very effective, so this treatment will be recommended to try for intractable ascites.
尽管在使用脑室腹腔分流术(VP分流术)时偶尔会出现并发症,但顽固性腹水和通过分流发生颅外转移的情况并不常见。最近,一名两岁女孩出现了顽固性腹水,该女孩四个月前因髓母细胞瘤继发梗阻性脑积水而置入了左侧VP分流管。进行了腹腔穿刺,抽出清澈的稻草色液体,比重为1012,蛋白质含量为0.3g/L,显微镜检查发现许多单核细胞。肝脏扫描和酶谱检查结果正常。在三周内,进行了6次腹腔穿刺,腹水总量为3850毫升。在第5次和第6次腹腔穿刺时,通过冲洗装置将1毫克卡波醌注入腹腔,0.1毫克注入脑室。这些注射后,顽固性腹水得以治愈,4个月后死亡时腹腔内未见转移。对于这种顽固性腹水的发生无法给出确切解释。据说内脏和壁层腹膜的慢性刺激或亚临床腹膜炎可能导致腹膜吸收不良。在我们的病例中,抗肿瘤药物非常有效,因此对于顽固性腹水建议尝试这种治疗方法。