De Venuto F, Moores W Y, Zegna A I, Zuck T F
Transfusion. 1977 Nov-Dec;17(6):555-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1977.17678075650.x.
Hemoglobin, prepared by crystallization, has been used as a blood substitute in total (91 to 93%) and partial (70 to 76%) blood replacement studies. Exchange transfusions have been carried out in laboratory animals to a total blood replacement of 91 to 93 per cent with hemoglobin or with albumin solutions. When albumin was used, all animals died at approximately ten minutes after transfusion was completed, whereas all animals transfused with hemoglobin survived for five hours and displayed normal activity during this time. In these studies the plasma half-disappearance time of hemoglobin was 3.5 hours and body distribution of 51Cr-labeled hemoglobin, as a percentage of initial levels, has shown six per cent in the kidney, six per cent in the liver, 10.5 per cent in the marrow and 13 to 14 per cent in the urine at three hours after transfusion. Survival was obtained with all animals transfused with hemoglobin or albumin solutions to a partial blood replacement of 70 to 76 per cent. However, the oxygen capacity of the circulating fluid in the hemoglobin transfused animals was about three times greater than that found in the corresponding albumin-transfused controls. Values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and P50 returned to normal pretransfusion levels within five to seven days.
通过结晶制备的血红蛋白已被用作全血替代（91%至93%）和部分血替代（70%至76%）研究中的血液替代品。在实验室动物中进行了换血，用血红蛋白或白蛋白溶液将全血替代至91%至93%。使用白蛋白时，所有动物在输血完成后约十分钟死亡，而所有输注血红蛋白的动物存活了五个小时，并且在此期间表现出正常活动。在这些研究中，血红蛋白的血浆半衰期为3.5小时，输血后三小时，51Cr标记的血红蛋白在体内的分布，以初始水平的百分比计，显示在肾脏中为6%，在肝脏中为6%，在骨髓中为10.5%，在尿液中为13%至14%。所有输注血红蛋白或白蛋白溶液至部分血替代70%至76%的动物都存活了下来。然而，输注血红蛋白的动物中循环液的氧容量约为相应输注白蛋白的对照动物的三倍。血红蛋白、血细胞比容、血小板和P50的值在五至七天内恢复到输血前的正常水平。
