Müller H, Stalder G R
Eur J Pediatr. 1976 Aug 16;123(1):1-13. doi: 10.1007/BF00497675.
Numerical and structural chromosome aberrations are frequently found in neoplastic cells. As demonstrated by the new chromosome banding techniques these aberrations are not random, but tend to show a specific occurrence. A model example is the leukemias where many cytogenetical investigations have been done to date. In leukemia chromosome analysis serves the following purposes: to identify a neoplastic process, to confirm and strengthen the hematological diagnosis, for the early diagnosis of transformation from a chronic leukemia into its blastic phase and for following up the clonal evolution of a leukemic cell line. In the discussion of chromosomes and neoplasms it must be mentioned that individuals demonstrating chromosomal instability and some trisomic patients show a greater tendency toward the development of a malignancy. Malignancy is primarily a cellular phenomenon caused by a disturbance in cellular regulation, whose fine events are not known. Therefore the exact role of the chromosomes in neoplastic processes cannot be stated. From experimental investigations it appears that the affected chromosomes carry cell growth regulating factors and also that a specific aberration is the result of the action of a specific agent.
在肿瘤细胞中经常发现染色体数目和结构异常。正如新的染色体显带技术所表明的，这些异常并非随机出现，而是倾向于呈现特定的发生情况。一个典型的例子是白血病，迄今为止已经进行了许多细胞遗传学研究。在白血病中，染色体分析有以下目的：识别肿瘤过程、确认并加强血液学诊断、早期诊断慢性白血病向原始细胞阶段的转化以及追踪白血病细胞系的克隆进化。在讨论染色体与肿瘤时，必须提到表现出染色体不稳定的个体以及一些三体患者有更大的患恶性肿瘤倾向。恶性肿瘤主要是一种由细胞调节紊乱引起的细胞现象，其具体机制尚不清楚。因此，无法确切说明染色体在肿瘤过程中的作用。从实验研究来看，受影响的染色体携带细胞生长调节因子，而且特定的异常是特定因素作用的结果。
