Stutz M W, Lawton G C
Poult Sci. 1984 Oct;63(10):2036-42. doi: 10.3382/ps.0632036.
Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diet and antimicrobials on weight gain, feed efficiency, ileal weight, and Clostridium perfringens in the ileum of broiler chicks. In the first experiment, glucose, sucrose, and fructose were added to a semipurified diet and the results were compared with those from a practical corn and soybean meal diet. All of the diets were fed with and without bacitracin at a level of 55 ppm. Fructose resulted in the greatest depression in weight gain, followed by sucrose. Bacitracin significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency of chicks fed the fructose, sucrose, and practical diets. Highly significant inverse correlations were obtained between ileal weight and weight gain and the number of C. perfringens in the ileum and weight gain. In other experiments bacitracin, penicillin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, tylosin, virginiamycin, lincomycin, bambermycins, and carbadox, all at a level of 55 ppm, improved weight gain and feed efficiency and significantly reduced the weight of the ileum and the number of C. perfringens in the ileum of chicks fed the practical diet. The antibacterial agents 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-phenylarsonic acid, arsanilic acid, furazolidone, and sulfathiazole had little to no effect on the 4 parameters evaluated. Virginiamycin and lincomycin at 16.5 and 4.4 ppm, respectively, were shown to be effective. In vitro activities of the antimicrobials against C. perfringens did not directly relate to in vivo activities and the effects on growth and feed efficiency. The results of these experiments support the concept of antimicrobials as growth permittants and provide further evidence for C. perfringens as a causative bacteria for growth depression.
进行了五项试验，以评估日粮和抗菌剂对肉仔鸡体重增加、饲料效率、回肠重量以及回肠中产气荚膜梭菌的影响。在第一项试验中，将葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖添加到半纯合日粮中，并将结果与实用玉米-豆粕型日粮的结果进行比较。所有日粮均在添加和不添加55 ppm杆菌肽的情况下饲喂。果糖导致体重增加下降幅度最大，其次是蔗糖。杆菌肽显著提高了饲喂果糖、蔗糖和实用日粮的雏鸡的体重增加和饲料效率。回肠重量与体重增加以及回肠中产气荚膜梭菌数量与体重增加之间存在高度显著的负相关。在其他试验中，杆菌肽、青霉素、金霉素、土霉素、红霉素、泰乐菌素、维吉尼亚霉素、林可霉素、恩拉霉素和卡巴多司，添加量均为55 ppm，均提高了体重增加和饲料效率，并显著降低了饲喂实用日粮的雏鸡的回肠重量和回肠中产气荚膜梭菌的数量。抗菌剂3-硝基-4-羟基苯胂酸、对氨基苯胂酸、呋喃唑酮和磺胺噻唑对所评估的4个参数几乎没有影响。维吉尼亚霉素和林可霉素分别以16.5 ppm和4.4 ppm的添加量显示有效。抗菌剂对产气荚膜梭菌的体外活性与体内活性以及对生长和饲料效率的影响没有直接关系。这些试验结果支持抗菌剂作为生长促进剂的概念，并为产气荚膜梭菌作为生长抑制的致病菌提供了进一步的证据。
