Baba K, Yabuuchi H, Takahashi M, Gershon A A, Ogra P L
J Pediatr. 1984 Nov;105(5):712-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80288-7.
A survey of varicella and measles has been made in a semiclosed institution housing infants and children in Osaka since 1950. Live measles and varicella vaccines were introduced into the institution in 1974 and 1975, respectively. Nine of 10 measles outbreaks occurred during the 24 years before use of measles vaccine, and only one occurred during the 9 years after introduction of measles vaccine. In contrast, the incidence of varicella outbreaks has not been reduced after introduction of varicella vaccine, although the rate of immune individuals in the population against varicella has been kept at 74.2% for the 8 years since 1975, which was higher than that against measles (65.8%) during the same period. All successfully vaccinated children, however, were resistant to clinical varicella, and the number of clinical cases has been markedly reduced. Using the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen and varicella zoster virus skin testing, the kinetics of secretory, humoral, and cellular immune responses to VZV was examined in vaccinated and naturally infected subjects and found to be comparable in both groups during repeated exposure to varicella epidemics. These results suggest that the seroepidemiologic behavior of varicella would not be significantly altered after introduction of varicella vaccine, in contrast to that of measles since general use of measles vaccine.
自1950年以来，对大阪一家收容婴幼儿的半封闭机构进行了水痘和麻疹调查。1974年和1975年分别在该机构引入了麻疹活疫苗和水痘疫苗。10次麻疹疫情中有9次发生在使用麻疹疫苗之前的24年里，而在引入麻疹疫苗后的9年里仅发生了1次。相比之下，引入水痘疫苗后水痘疫情的发病率并未降低，尽管自1975年以来的8年里人群中水痘免疫个体的比例一直保持在74.2%，高于同期麻疹免疫个体的比例（65.8%）。然而，所有成功接种疫苗的儿童对临床水痘均有抵抗力，临床病例数已显著减少。利用膜抗原荧光抗体和水痘带状疱疹病毒皮肤试验，对接种疫苗和自然感染的受试者进行了对水痘带状疱疹病毒的分泌、体液和细胞免疫反应动力学研究，发现在反复接触水痘流行时两组的反应相当。这些结果表明，与普遍使用麻疹疫苗后的麻疹情况相比，引入水痘疫苗后水痘的血清流行病学行为不会发生显著改变。
