Ndumbe P M, Cradock-Watson J, Levinsky R J
Department of Immunology, Institute of Child Health, London, England.
J Med Virol. 1988 Jun;25(2):171-8. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890250207.
The live varicella vaccine has been recommended for use in immunocompromised subjects and in adults who are susceptible to chickenpox. However, we do not know how humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced after vaccination differed from those obtained after natural infection. To answer this, 45 previously infected subjects (23 chickenpox, 22 vaccinated) were tested for their varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific antibody levels and for their lymphocyte stimulation responses to VZV antigen. Antibody was measured by both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunofluorescence assay (IF), while lymphocyte stimulation was detected by tritiated thymidine incorporation. Antibody was tested in ten postchickenpox and nine vaccinated subjects. About 6 to 8 weeks after first exposure, the magnitude of the responses determined by both ELISA and IFT were much higher in the naturally infected than in the vaccinated group (P less than 0.001) with both test methods). There was no significant difference in the lymphocyte transformation responses in both groups of subjects. Thirteen postchickenpox and 13 vaccinated subjects who had been infected at least 12 months previously were also tested. Total antibody levels were again significantly higher in the naturally infected than in the vaccinated group (P less than 0.001). One vaccinated subject had VZV-specific IgA and IgM in the serum. The magnitude of the lymphocyte transformation reaction was higher in the naturally infected than in the vaccinated group (P less than 0.01). Thus, antibody responses to VZV were better in naturally infected than in vaccinated subjects. The IFT appears to be a more sensitive technique for antibody detection in the vaccinated subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
减毒活水痘疫苗已被推荐用于免疫功能低下的人群以及易患水痘的成年人。然而，我们并不清楚接种疫苗后诱导产生的体液免疫和细胞介导免疫反应与自然感染后所获得的免疫反应有何不同。为了回答这个问题，对45名既往感染过的受试者（23名患过水痘，22名接种过疫苗）进行了水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）特异性抗体水平检测以及对VZV抗原的淋巴细胞刺激反应检测。抗体通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和免疫荧光测定（IF）两种方法进行检测，而淋巴细胞刺激则通过氚标记胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入法进行检测。在10名患过水痘和9名接种过疫苗的受试者中检测了抗体。首次接触后约6至8周，ELISA和IFT两种检测方法所测定的自然感染组的反应强度均显著高于接种疫苗组（P<0.001）。两组受试者的淋巴细胞转化反应没有显著差异。还对13名患过水痘和13名接种过疫苗且至少在12个月前已感染的受试者进行了检测。自然感染组的总抗体水平再次显著高于接种疫苗组（P<0.001）。一名接种过疫苗的受试者血清中有VZV特异性IgA和IgM。自然感染组的淋巴细胞转化反应强度高于接种疫苗组（P<0.01）。因此，自然感染受试者对VZV的抗体反应优于接种疫苗的受试者。IFT似乎是检测接种疫苗受试者抗体的更敏感技术。（摘要截短至250字）
