Moldenhauer D
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1984 Dec;179(6):544-54.
Time concentration relations in virus-disinfection by formaldehyde, benzalkonium-chloride, ethanol and isopropanol are evaluated. The exposure time needed to reduce the number of plaque-forming units (PFU) by 10(-3) (99.9%) at a given disinfectant concentration was determined. Influenzavirus, Coxsackie B viruses, Herpesvirus and Mumpsvirus were used in the experiments. Formaldehyde is effective at very low concentrations, provided that sufficient time is allowed for reaction, but has little use in short-term applications. Alcohols act very rapidly at the optimal concentration, but are almost completely ineffective if the reagent is only slightly diluted. Isopropanol does not neutralize entero-viruses to any considerable extent. The effect of the alcohols on viruses is greatly enhanced by the addition of alkali. An 80% (or higher) ethanol solution containing 0.01 n NaOH is very promising as a potent antiviral disinfectant for skin and surface decontamination. Even closely related virus types may differ greatly in their sensitivity to ethanol. The Herpesvirus hominis has a peculiarly high sensitivity to benzalconiumchloride, a sensitivity which is not shared by the Influenzavirus and enteroviruses.
评估了甲醛、苯扎氯铵、乙醇和异丙醇对病毒消毒的时间-浓度关系。测定了在给定消毒剂浓度下将空斑形成单位（PFU）数量减少10⁻³（99.9%）所需的暴露时间。实验中使用了流感病毒、柯萨奇B病毒、疱疹病毒和腮腺炎病毒。甲醛在极低浓度下有效，前提是有足够的反应时间，但在短期应用中用途不大。醇类在最佳浓度下作用非常迅速，但如果试剂只是稍微稀释，几乎完全无效。异丙醇在很大程度上不能中和肠道病毒。加入碱后，醇类对病毒的作用大大增强。含有0.01 n NaOH的80%（或更高）乙醇溶液作为一种有效的皮肤和表面消毒抗病毒消毒剂很有前景。即使是密切相关的病毒类型，对乙醇的敏感性也可能有很大差异。人疱疹病毒对苯扎氯铵具有特别高的敏感性，而流感病毒和肠道病毒则没有这种敏感性。
