Manschreck T C, Maher B A, Ader D N
Br J Psychiatry. 1981 Jul;139:7-15. doi: 10.1192/bjp.139.1.7.
Little work has been done to determine objective, reliable differences in formal characteristics of the actual utterances of thought-disordered and non-thought-disordered subjects. The type-token ratio (TTR), a quantitative measure of repetition in language, correlated highly with clinical judgments of thought disorder when spoken language was examined, and statistically differentiated thought-disordered from non-thought-disordered schizophrenics and psychiatric and normal controls. Elicited and spontaneous motor abnormalities were associated with reduced TTRs both in schizophrenics and in affective subjects with motor disturbance. The TTR is a reliable, objective indicator of language deviance and thought disorder, and strongly associated with motor disturbances.
在确定思维紊乱和非思维紊乱受试者实际言语的形式特征方面，客观、可靠的差异研究做得很少。型符比（TTR）是一种语言重复的定量测量方法，在检查口语时，它与思维紊乱的临床判断高度相关，并且在统计学上能够区分思维紊乱的与非思维紊乱的精神分裂症患者以及精神病患者和正常对照。无论是精神分裂症患者还是有运动障碍的情感障碍患者，诱发性和自发性运动异常都与较低的型符比相关。型符比是语言偏差和思维紊乱的可靠、客观指标，并且与运动障碍密切相关。
