Comparative immunoenzymatic localization of prolactin and growth hormone in human and rat pituitaries.

Twelve human and twelve rat pituitaries were stained by an immunohistochemical method using a rabbit anti-ovine prolactin serum, a rabbit anti-human growth hormone serum and a sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin serum conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. On the same pituitary section, growth hormone cells were stained brown by using 3-3'-diaminobenzidine as peroxidase substrate, and prolactin cells were stained purplish blue by using 4-chloro-1-naphtol. Growth hormone cells outnumbered prolactin cells, especially in human pituitaries where the proportion is at least 10:1. No cells containing both brown granules stained for growth hormone and blue granules stained for prolactin were found in any of the sections examined. In the fetal pituitaries, there was no apparent hypertrophy of the prolactin cells, although the circulating levels of the hromone are known to be as high in the fetus at term as in the mother and much higher than in nonpregnant women.