Korhonen A, Hemminki K, Vainio H
Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1983;3(2):163-75. doi: 10.1002/1520-6866(1990)3:2<163::aid-tcm1770030208>3.0.co;2-k.
Seven dithiocarbamates and three acetates were tested for teratogenicity and lethality in three-day chicken embryos. These included: cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate (CdDE), zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZnDE), zinc ethylphenyldithiocarbamate (ZnEP), zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZnDB), copper dimethyldithiocarbamate (CuDM), tellurium diethyldithiocarbamate (TeDE), and piperidine pentamethylenedithiocarbamate (PPM), cadmium acetate (CdAC), copper-(II)acetate (CuAC), and zinc acetate (ZnAC). The parameters measured were early deaths, recorded within two days of injection, late deaths of malformed embryos, late deaths of nonmalformed embryos, and malformed survivors. The order of embryotoxicity decreased as follows: CdAC greater than CdDE greater than ZnDE greater than or equal to ZnEP greater than or equal to ZnDB greater than CuDM greater than TeDE greater than CuAC greater than PPM greater than ZnAC. The only exception to this order was the relatively weak teratogenicity of the metal acetates as compared to dithiocarbamates. Cadmium and zinc dithiocarbamates were potent embryotoxic agents eliciting lethality and malformations at doses of 1 to 10 nmole per egg. Most embryonic deaths occurred at stages 29 to 31, and most of the dead embryos were malformed.
在三日龄鸡胚中测试了七种二硫代氨基甲酸盐和三种乙酸盐的致畸性和致死性。这些包括：二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸镉（CdDE）、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌（ZnDE）、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌（ZnEP）、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌（ZnDB）、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸铜（CuDM）、二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸碲（TeDE）和哌啶亚甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐（PPM）、乙酸镉（CdAC）、乙酸铜（II）（CuAC）和乙酸锌（ZnAC）。所测量的参数包括：注射后两天内记录的早期死亡、畸形胚胎的晚期死亡、非畸形胚胎的晚期死亡以及畸形存活者。胚胎毒性的顺序如下：CdAC＞CdDE＞ZnDE≥ZnEP≥ZnDB＞CuDM＞TeDE＞CuAC＞PPM＞ZnAC。此顺序的唯一例外是与二硫代氨基甲酸盐相比，金属乙酸盐的致畸性相对较弱。镉和锌的二硫代氨基甲酸盐是强效胚胎毒性剂，在每枚鸡蛋1至10纳摩尔的剂量下可引发致死性和畸形。大多数胚胎死亡发生在第29至31阶段，并且大多数死亡胚胎是畸形的。
