Crookston M C
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1980;43:99-114.
In some blood group systems, the plasma contains an antigen that is not synthesized by the red cell precursors but that contributes to the red cell phenotype. This antigen may be glycolipid (eg, ABH and Lewis) or glycoprotein (eg, Chido and Rodgers). The amount of ABH glycolipid in plasma is affected by the secretor and Lewis genes, and is greatest in those secretors who lack the Le gene. ABH taken up by the red cell from plasma is a type 1 glycolipid, whereas ABH glycolipid intrinsic to the red cell is type 2. Thus only those antibodies directed against type 1 glycolipid will detect ABH antigen acquired from the plasma. For example, type 1 A is detected by the antibody in group O donors but rarely by the antibody in group B donors. Lymphocytotoxic reactions which, at first, appear to be due to new specificities are sometimes due to the presence of type 1 glycolipids with ABH and Lewis specificity, acquired by lymphocytes from the plasma. Chido (Ch) and Rodgers (Rg) are antigens of C4, a glycoprotein. These antigens are acquired by the red cells when complement is activated.
在某些血型系统中，血浆含有一种并非由红细胞前体合成但却有助于红细胞表型形成的抗原。这种抗原可能是糖脂（如ABH和Lewis）或糖蛋白（如Chido和Rodgers）。血浆中ABH糖脂的含量受分泌型和Lewis基因影响，在缺乏Le基因的分泌型个体中含量最高。红细胞从血浆中摄取的ABH是1型糖脂，而红细胞内源性的ABH糖脂是2型。因此，只有那些针对1型糖脂的抗体才能检测到从血浆中获得的ABH抗原。例如，O型供血者的抗体能检测到1型A抗原，而B型供血者的抗体则很少能检测到。起初看似由新特异性引起的淋巴细胞毒性反应，有时是由于淋巴细胞从血浆中获得了具有ABH和Lewis特异性的1型糖脂所致。Chido（Ch）和Rodgers（Rg）是补体C4的抗原，补体激活时红细胞会获得这些抗原。
