Unusual sequence homology at the 5-ends of the developmentally regulated beta A-, beta C-, and gamma-globin genes of the goat.

We have constructed a recombinant library of goat DNA and have isolated clones containing the beta A-, beta C-, and gamma-globin genes and a presumptive embryonic globin gene. These genes are switched on and off during development and, thus, provide a model system for the study of gene regulation. To identify regions that may be involved in this switch, we determined the sequence of the areas surrounding the 5' ends of the beta A-, beta C- and gamma-globin genes. Surprisingly, the sequences of the beta A-, and beta C-globin genes are identical, beginning with the translation initiation codon and extending 131 base pairs (bp) in the 5' direction. At this point, two nucleotide differences are seen and only six additional differences are encountered when the sequences are extended 144 bp further in the 5' direction. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of the 5' end of the gamma-globin gene is very similar to those of the beta A-0, and beta C-globin genes. Only three nucleotide differences are found in the gamma-globin gene within the 131-bp region in which the beta A- and beta C-globin genes are identical. We conclude that this identical region cannot contain regulatory signals that mediate the switch from beta C to beta A expression.