Bensimhon M, Gabarro-Arpa J, Ehrlich R, Reiss C
Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jul 11;11(13):4521-40. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.13.4521.
For a series of wild type and mutated eucaryotic gene prelude sequences (mainly "promoters" of SV40 early gene (Benoist and Chambon, Nature 290, 304 (1981); Moreau et al., Nuc. Acids Res. 9, 6047 (1982)) and of Herpes Simplex Virus TK gene (McKnight and Kingsbury, Science 217, 316 (1982)), in vivo promoter activity and local stability (denaturability) have been correlated. In agreement with the conclusions drawn in these papers, the correlation points to three major eucaryotic promoter elements and loci: (i) enzyme enabling by an enhancer sequence; SV40 and Moloney Sarcoma Virus enhancers have a striking stability homology; (ii) enzyme activation, occurring 50-70 b.p. upstream the cap site in a high stability domain; the enzyme apparently deactivates exponentially upon moving away to trap site; (iii) enzyme positioning at trap site, 30 +/- 5 b.p. upstream the cap site. The trap site contains the TATA box, or, when absent, other low stability domains downstream the activator. The number and occupancy of cap sites may depend on the stability and size of the trap site-cap site couple and its distance from the activator.
对于一系列野生型和突变型真核基因前导序列（主要是SV40早期基因的“启动子”（贝努瓦和尚邦，《自然》290, 304 (1981)；莫罗等人，《核酸研究》9, 6047 (1982)）以及单纯疱疹病毒TK基因的启动子（麦克奈特和金斯伯里，《科学》217, 316 (1982)），体内启动子活性和局部稳定性（变性能力）已被关联起来。与这些论文得出的结论一致，这种关联指向三个主要的真核启动子元件和位点：(i) 通过增强子序列实现酶的激活；SV40和莫洛尼肉瘤病毒增强子具有显著的稳定性同源性；(ii) 酶的激活，发生在帽位点上游50 - 70个碱基对处的一个高稳定性区域；当向捕获位点移动时，酶明显呈指数级失活；(iii) 酶在捕获位点的定位，位于帽位点上游30 ± 5个碱基对处。捕获位点包含TATA框，或者在其缺失时，包含激活剂下游的其他低稳定性区域。帽位点的数量和占据情况可能取决于捕获位点 - 帽位点对的稳定性和大小以及它与激活剂的距离。
