Melmon K L, Rocklin R E, Rosenkranz R P
Am J Med. 1981 Jul;71(1):100-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(81)90264-3.
Once considered only mediators of inflammation, autacoids, (histamine, prostaglandins and beta-mimetic catecholamines) have been found to be generated during specific early and late phases of immunity. They need sufficient concentrations to affect immunocytes and can modulate immunity usually by inhibiting it. Receptors for the autacoids on the immunocytes are nonrandomly distributed. A small portion of T suppressor cells always appear to have receptors on them, but precursor B cells and precursors of T cells that produce lymphokines or are responsible for cytolysis do not. Instead, as these cells mature they develop their autacoid receptors. With one exception, the function of the immunocytes is inhibited by the effects of autacoids. Again, in all but one instance, that inhibitory modulating effect is mediated by and directly proportional to the intracellular concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) generated by the autacoid. The clinical implications of these observations are beginning to be appreciated. One of them is that pharmacologic antagonists of the autacoids can have predictable but hitherto unanticipated effects on immune functions. It is inconceivable that these effects will not have clinical value.
自分泌物质（组胺、前列腺素和β-拟交感儿茶酚胺）曾一度仅被视为炎症介质，现已发现它们在免疫的特定早期和晚期阶段产生。它们需要足够的浓度才能影响免疫细胞，并且通常通过抑制免疫来调节免疫。免疫细胞上的自分泌物质受体分布并非随机。一小部分抑制性T细胞似乎总是有受体，但前体B细胞以及产生淋巴因子或负责细胞溶解的T细胞前体则没有。相反，随着这些细胞的成熟，它们会发育出自分泌物质受体。除了一个例外，免疫细胞的功能会受到自分泌物质的抑制。同样，除了一个实例外，这种抑制性调节作用是由自分泌物质产生的细胞内环磷酸腺苷（AMP）的细胞内浓度介导的，且与之成正比。这些观察结果的临床意义正开始得到重视。其中之一是，自分泌物质的药理拮抗剂可能会对免疫功能产生可预测但迄今未预料到的影响。很难想象这些影响不会具有临床价值。
