仓鼠淀粉酶的比较遗传学

Comparative genetics of hamster amylases.

作者信息

Dawson W D, Huang L L

出版信息

Biochem Genet. 1981 Aug;19(7-8):623-33. doi: 10.1007/BF00483995.

Abstract

Syrian (Mesocricetus auratus) and Chinese (Cricetulus griseus) hamsters were phenotyped by electrophoresis for salivary and pancreatic amylases. Syrian hamsters possess two salivary amylase electromorphs, the more anodal (fast) being invariant in 250 outbred and 17 representatives of 5 highly inbred lines. The slow electromorph had activity equal to that of the fast amylase (heavy), or had distinctly less activity (light), or was absent (null). The slow electromorph is inherited as an autosomal semidominant trait with two alleles. Amys and Amyo. Amys homozygotes produce heavy, Amyo homozygotes null, and heterozygotes light phenotypes, respectively. Five inbred strains of hamsters were homozygous Amyo. Pancreatic amylase was monomorphic. Eight outbred Chinese hamsters showed no salivary amylase activity with electrophoresis, but slight activity with long incubation on starch-agar plates. However, pancreatic amylase activity in the Chinese hamster exceeded that in Syrian hamsters. Site duplication and apparent "null" alleles for amylase genes occur in muroid rodents. The evolutionary implications are discussed.

摘要

通过电泳对叙利亚仓鼠（金仓鼠）和中国仓鼠（黑线仓鼠）的唾液淀粉酶和胰腺淀粉酶进行表型分析。叙利亚仓鼠有两种唾液淀粉酶电变体，在250只远交系和5个高度近交系的17个代表个体中，阳极迁移率更高（速度更快）的电变体是不变的。速度较慢的电变体的活性与快速淀粉酶（重）的活性相当，或者活性明显较低（轻），或者不存在（无效）。速度较慢的电变体作为一种具有两个等位基因（Amy s和Amy o）的常染色体半显性性状遗传。Amy s纯合子产生重表型，Amy o纯合子产生无效表型，杂合子产生轻表型。五个仓鼠近交系是Amy o纯合子。胰腺淀粉酶是单态的。八只远交中国仓鼠经电泳显示无唾液淀粉酶活性，但在淀粉琼脂平板上长时间孵育时有轻微活性。然而，中国仓鼠的胰腺淀粉酶活性超过了叙利亚仓鼠。淀粉酶基因的位点重复和明显的“无效”等位基因出现在鼠形啮齿动物中。文中讨论了其进化意义。