Schneider C H, Toffler O, Guenin R, Kings M
Immunology. 1982 May;46(1):221-9.
A well defined group of monovalent haptens has been found to elicit rather than to inhibit anaphylactic reactions. In essence, these compounds contain lysine or 1,6-diaminohexane as carrier, a single DNP- or DNCP-haptenic group on one of the two amino functions and an auxiliary hydrocarbon moiety on the second amino function. With N-DNCP-N-BPO-diaminohexane it was found that DNCP-specific passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) could be elicited only by intravenous injection of the hapten into animals intradermally sensitized by anti-DNCP antiserum. No elicitation took place when sensitization was by the intravenous route and the hapten given intradermally. When sensitization was by intradermal injection of antiserum, intradermally applied monovalent hapten was an elicitor only at extremely high doses. On the other hand anaphylactic reactions were readily evoked when both passive sensitization and monovalent elicitation were carried out by the intravenous route. It is thus established that the mode of application of the monovalent hapten and not the route of passive sensitization determines whether monovalent elicitation is effective. Accordingly, the difference in elicitation behaviour cannot be due to different susceptibilities of the different vasoactive cells involved. Monovalent elicitation of anaphylactic reactions with N-DNCP-N-BPO-diaminohexane is very similar in guinea-pigs passively sensitized with either rabbit or homologous antisera. It is not impaired in animals pretreated with cobra venom factor, a finding that rules out the participation of complement. Histamine release from guinea-pig lung fragments cannot be observed even in the presence of high concentrations of autologous serum. The assistance of a serum component in monovalent elicitation is therefore unlikely.
已发现一组明确的单价半抗原可引发而非抑制过敏反应。本质上，这些化合物含有赖氨酸或1,6 - 二氨基己烷作为载体，在两个氨基功能之一上有单个DNP - 或DNCP - 半抗原基团，在第二个氨基功能上有辅助烃基部分。对于N - DNCP - N - BPO - 二氨基己烷，发现只有通过将半抗原静脉注射到经抗DNCP抗血清皮内致敏的动物体内，才能引发DNCP特异性被动皮肤过敏反应（PCA）。当通过静脉途径致敏并皮内给予半抗原时，不会发生激发反应。当通过皮内注射抗血清进行致敏时，皮内应用的单价半抗原仅在极高剂量下才是激发剂。另一方面，当被动致敏和单价激发均通过静脉途径进行时，很容易引发过敏反应。因此确定单价半抗原的应用方式而非被动致敏途径决定了单价激发是否有效。相应地，激发行为的差异不能归因于所涉及的不同血管活性细胞的不同敏感性。用N - DNCP - N - BPO - 二氨基己烷进行单价激发过敏反应，在用兔或同源抗血清被动致敏的豚鼠中非常相似。在用眼镜蛇毒因子预处理的动物中，这种激发不受影响，这一发现排除了补体的参与。即使在存在高浓度自体血清的情况下，也无法观察到豚鼠肺碎片释放组胺。因此，血清成分在单价激发中的辅助作用不太可能。
