Athenstaedt H, Claussen H, Schaper D
Science. 1982 May 28;216(4549):1018-20. doi: 10.1126/science.6177041.
The epidermis of live human skin has a permanent electric dipole moment perpendicular to its surface. Voltage responses to a rapid change of temperature are pyroeletric, while voltage responses to pressure pulses are piezoelectric in nature. The time course of the responses depends on dX/dt (X, temperature or pressure). The epidermal surface can react to all physical environmental influences to which nonbiological pyroelectric materials are known to respond. Epidermal voltage signals can be perceived through the intraepidermal and the superficial dermal nervous network. The pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties are also measurable on dead, dry skin samples.
活人皮肤的表皮具有一个垂直于其表面的永久电偶极矩。对温度快速变化的电压响应是热释电的，而对压力脉冲的电压响应本质上是压电的。响应的时间过程取决于dX/dt（X为温度或压力）。表皮表面能够对已知非生物热释电材料会做出响应的所有物理环境影响做出反应。表皮电压信号可通过表皮内和真皮浅层神经网络被感知。热释电和压电特性在死亡、干燥的皮肤样本上也可测量。
