Anaerobic osteomyelitis.

We have presented eight case histories of patients with anaerobic osteomyelitis and have reviewed an additional 193 cases from the world literature. The incidence, predisposing factors, clinical localization, bacteriology, modes of presentation and natural history of anaerobic osteomyelitis are discussed. This disease entity appears to be more common than has been previously recognized. Seven distinct clinical syndromes of anaerobic osteomyelitis are described and related to the anatomical locations in which they tend to occur. The signs and symptoms of these entities have been outlined to aid in their recognition by practitioners. An approach to the therapy of anaerobic osteomyelitis is outlined. Emphasis is placed on adequate surgical intervention combined with antimicrobial agents chosen for each particular clinical situation. The lack of definitive data upon which to base a decision regarding dosages and duration of antimicrobial therapy is discussed and the authors' own preferences enumerated.