Larson R
J Gerontol. 1978 Jan;33(1):109-25. doi: 10.1093/geronj/33.1.109.
Thirty years of research among older Americans on life satisfaction, morale, and related constructs has yielded a consistent body of findings. Parallel results for measures of these contructs and high intercorrelations justifies considering them in terms of a single summary construct, subjective well-being. As this research has relied almost exclusively on survey measures, interpretations are limited to the social-psychological level of people's day-to-day verbal behavior. This research shows reported well-being to be most strongly related to health, followed by socioeconomic factors and degree of social interaction, for the general population of Americans over 60. Marital status and aspects of people's living situations are also conclusively related to well-being. Age, sex, race, and employment show no consistent independent relation to well-being. In addition to indicating that negative life situation exigencies, such as poor health and low income are related to lower well-being, the results tentatively indicate that these exigencies create a greater vulnerability to the impact of other negative conditions.
三十年来，针对美国老年人的生活满意度、士气及相关构念展开的研究得出了一系列连贯的研究结果。这些构念测量结果的相似性以及高相互关联性，使得我们有理由将它们视为一个单一的概括性构念，即主观幸福感。由于这项研究几乎完全依赖于调查测量，其解释仅限于人们日常言语行为的社会心理层面。对于60岁以上的美国普通人群而言，这项研究表明，报告的幸福感与健康最为密切相关，其次是社会经济因素和社会互动程度。婚姻状况和人们生活状况的各个方面也与幸福感有着确凿的关联。年龄、性别、种族和就业情况与幸福感并无一致的独立关联。这些结果除了表明诸如健康状况不佳和低收入等负面生活状况与较低的幸福感相关外，还初步表明这些状况会使人更容易受到其他负面状况的影响。
