Osborn M
J Invest Dermatol. 1983 Jul;81(1 Suppl):104s-9s. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12540811.
Determination of the type of intermediate filaments (IFs) present in a cell or tissue can yield information about its origin. Thus cells can be grouped into six different classes, i.e. epithelial cells characterized by cytokeratins, most but not all neurones characterized by neurofilaments (NFs), glial cells characterized by the presence of glial fibrillary acidic filaments, muscle cells characterized by the presence of desmin filaments, mesenchymal cells and certain other nonepithelial cell types characterized by the presence of vimentin, and other cells that appear not to contain IFs. The assignments made by immunologic techniques are supported by protein chemistry of the isolated proteins. Information derived from protein sequences as well as from DNA sequences establish that the major intermediate-filament proteins are different but related molecules and show also that the alpha-keratins of wool belong to this multigene family. Applications of IF typing to human pathologic material, and especially to the different major subgroups of human tumors, are reviewed. Thus, for instance, carcinomas continue to express cytokeratins, many tumors of neuronal origin express NFs, gliomas express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), rhabdomyosarcomas express desmin, and nonmuscle sarcomas express vimentin. Further subclassification of epithelial cells and carcinomas is discussed. The subdivisions obtained by IF typing are striking because they follow well-known histologic principles; thus IF typing seems useful in certain instances where diagnosis is difficult by conventional techniques.
确定细胞或组织中存在的中间丝（IFs）类型可以提供有关其起源的信息。因此，细胞可分为六种不同类型，即：以细胞角蛋白为特征的上皮细胞；以神经丝（NFs）为特征的大多数（但并非全部）神经元；以胶质纤维酸性丝的存在为特征的神经胶质细胞；以结蛋白丝的存在为特征的肌肉细胞；以波形蛋白的存在为特征的间充质细胞和某些其他非上皮细胞类型；以及似乎不含IFs的其他细胞。免疫技术所做的分类得到了分离蛋白的蛋白质化学的支持。来自蛋白质序列以及DNA序列的信息表明，主要的中间丝蛋白是不同但相关的分子，同时也表明羊毛的α-角蛋白属于这个多基因家族。本文综述了IF分型在人类病理材料，特别是在人类肿瘤不同主要亚组中的应用。例如，癌继续表达细胞角蛋白，许多神经源性肿瘤表达NFs，神经胶质瘤表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFA），横纹肌肉瘤表达结蛋白，而非肌肉肉瘤表达波形蛋白。文中还讨论了上皮细胞和癌的进一步细分。通过IF分型获得的细分很显著，因为它们遵循众所周知的组织学原则；因此，在某些传统技术难以诊断的情况下，IF分型似乎很有用。
