Topo-optical reactions and polarization optical analysis of human lymphocytes.

The latent birefringence of lymphocyte membranes of various species may readily be studied and analysed by various topo-optical reactions. The membranes of glutaraldehyde-fixed and PBS-washed lymphocytes show continuous birefringence with thiazine- and quinoline dyes. According to polarization optical analysis thiazine dye-stained cells are radially positive, whereas quinoline dye-stained cells are radially negative spherites, i.e. thiazine dye molecules are in a perpendicular, quinoline dye molecules in a parallel orientation relative to the membrane surface. These findings suggest that in lymphocyte membranes glycoproteins are primarily responsible for the topo-optical reactions. The actual conformational state of the glycoprotein components is a decisive factor not only in dye binding but also in the orientation of dye molecules. Heparin treatment directs attention to an important interaction between heparin and membrane glycoproteins. With the aid of the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) technique we were able to demonstrate an ultrastructural differences between human erythrocyte and human lymphocyte membranes. After this procedure the birefringence of erythrocyte membranes was lost, whereas that of lymphocyte membranes did not change. There were no differences between the topo-optical reactions of T and B lymphocytes.