Letchworth G J, Carmichael L E
Infect Immun. 1984 Mar;43(3):1072-9. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.3.1072-1079.1984.
The effect of local tissue temperature on bovid herpesvirus 2 lesions in bovine skin was studied. Two areas of thoracic skin were multiply inoculated with virus and maintained at different temperatures; one above and the other below the rectal temperature of the animal. An entire inoculation site was removed daily from each area and subjected to virus, viral antigen, and interferon titrations and both light and electron microscopic examinations. Lesions in cold skin appeared sooner after inoculation, were larger and deeper, contained more infectious virus, viral antigen, and interferon, and lasted longer than lesions in hot skin. Differences in viral titers greater than 10(9) 50% tissue culture infective doses per gram were measured on postinfection days 5 to 9. These studies have demonstrated for the first time that temperature effects on viral pathogenesis may operate at the local level rather than by systemic modification of immune responses. The results also suggest that despite the presence of virus in internal organs of bovid herpesvirus 2-infected cattle and the ability of bovid herpesvirus 2 to replicate to very high titers in these tissues in vitro, only the skin is cool enough to permit substantial viral replication and dermal lesions in vivo. The observed restriction of bovid herpesvirus 2 skin lesions to the udder and teats of cattle and the restriction of outbreaks of disease to months when the temperature is declining may also be reflections of this temperature sensitivity.
研究了局部组织温度对牛皮肤中牛疱疹病毒2型损伤的影响。在牛胸部皮肤的两个区域多次接种病毒，并维持在不同温度下；一个区域温度高于动物直肠温度，另一个区域温度低于动物直肠温度。每天从每个区域取出整个接种部位，进行病毒、病毒抗原和干扰素滴定，并进行光学显微镜和电子显微镜检查。与热皮肤中的损伤相比，冷皮肤中的损伤在接种后出现得更早，更大更深，含有更多的感染性病毒、病毒抗原和干扰素，且持续时间更长。在感染后第5至9天，测量到病毒滴度差异大于每克10(9) 50%组织培养感染剂量。这些研究首次证明，温度对病毒发病机制的影响可能在局部水平起作用，而不是通过对免疫反应的全身调节。结果还表明，尽管在牛疱疹病毒2型感染的牛的内脏器官中存在病毒，并且牛疱疹病毒2型在体外这些组织中能够复制到非常高的滴度，但只有皮肤足够凉爽，才能在体内允许大量病毒复制和皮肤损伤。观察到的牛疱疹病毒2型皮肤损伤局限于牛的乳房和乳头，以及疾病爆发局限于温度下降的月份，也可能是这种温度敏感性的反映。
