Meyers J D
Infection. 1984 Mar-Apr;12(2):143-50. doi: 10.1007/BF01641701.
With the exception of congenitally-infected infants, cytomegalovirus infection is generally benign in persons with normal host defenses. In contrast, among immunosuppressed patients, these infections may be severe and sometimes fatal. Treatment of cytomegalovirus infection with presently available antiviral agents including interferons has not been successful. Prevention of infection has been successful in several circumstances, however. Cytomegalovirus is transmitted by blood products from seropositive donors, and screening to remove seropositive blood products or freezing to destroy leukocytes has been effective among neonates, cardiac transplant patients and renal dialysis patients. An alternative approach used among marrow transplant patients is passive immunization of seronegative patients with plasma or globulins with high antibody titers against cytomegalovirus. Alpha interferon given prophylactically has been effective in delaying virus reactivation and reducing the severity of infection among seropositive renal transplant patients. All of these approaches, as well as the continued development of more effective antiviral agents, will be needed for control of cytomegalovirus infection.
除先天性感染的婴儿外，巨细胞病毒感染在宿主防御功能正常的人群中通常是良性的。相比之下，在免疫抑制患者中，这些感染可能很严重，有时甚至是致命的。目前使用包括干扰素在内的抗病毒药物治疗巨细胞病毒感染尚未取得成功。然而，在几种情况下预防感染已取得成功。巨细胞病毒通过血清反应阳性供血者的血液制品传播，在新生儿、心脏移植患者和肾透析患者中，筛查以去除血清反应阳性的血液制品或冷冻以破坏白细胞已证明有效。在骨髓移植患者中使用的另一种方法是用针对巨细胞病毒的高抗体滴度的血浆或球蛋白对血清反应阴性的患者进行被动免疫。预防性给予α干扰素已证明可有效延迟病毒再激活并减轻血清反应阳性肾移植患者的感染严重程度。控制巨细胞病毒感染需要所有这些方法以及持续研发更有效的抗病毒药物。
