Rystedt I, Fischer T
Contact Dermatitis. 1983 May;9(3):195-200. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1983.tb04357.x.
853 hard metal workers were examined and patch tested with 20 substances from their environment, including nickel and cobalt. Nickel sensitivity was found in 2 men and 38 women. 88% of the nickel-sensitive individuals had developed a jewelry dermatitis prior to employment in the hard metal industry or before the appearance of hand eczema. 29% of the hard metal workers gave a history of slight irritant dermatitis. In the nickel sensitized group, 40% had had severe hand eczema which generally appeared 6-12 months after starting employment. In 25% of the cases, nickel sensitive individuals developed cobalt allergy, compared with 5% in the total population investigated. Most facts indicate that nickel sensitivity and irritant hand eczema precede cobalt sensitization. Hard metal workers with simultaneous nickel and cobalt sensitivity had a more severe hand eczema than those with isolated cobalt or nickel sensitivity or only irritant dermatitis. 64% of the female population had pierced ear lobes. Among the nickel allergic women, 95% had pierced ear lobes. The use of earrings containing nickel after piercing is strongly suspected of being the major cause of nickel sensitivity. Piercing at an early age seems to increase the risk of incurring nickel sensitivity.
对853名硬质合金工人进行了检查，并用他们工作环境中的20种物质进行了斑贴试验，包括镍和钴。发现2名男性和38名女性对镍敏感。88%对镍敏感的个体在从事硬质合金行业工作之前或手部湿疹出现之前就已出现首饰性皮炎。29%的硬质合金工人有轻度刺激性皮炎病史。在对镍敏感的人群中，40%曾患严重的手部湿疹，通常在开始工作6 - 12个月后出现。在25%的病例中，对镍敏感的个体出现了钴过敏，而在整个被调查人群中这一比例为5%。大多数事实表明，镍敏感和刺激性手部湿疹先于钴致敏。同时对镍和钴敏感的硬质合金工人比那些单独对钴或镍敏感或仅有刺激性皮炎的工人手部湿疹更严重。64%的女性有耳垂穿孔。在对镍过敏的女性中，95%有耳垂穿孔。强烈怀疑穿孔后使用含镍耳环是镍敏感的主要原因。早年穿孔似乎会增加发生镍敏感的风险。
