Atkins E
J Infect Dis. 1984 Mar;149(3):339-48. doi: 10.1093/infdis/149.3.339.
Early concepts of fever as a major feature of illness range from those of Hippocrates to those present in the Bible and have influenced cultural attitudes during several major European pandemics of both black plague and tuberculosis, the "white plague" of the early 19th century. Evolving ideas of thermoregulation and fever in the 19th century followed the first extensive use of the clinical thermometer by Wunderlich. Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of fever during the last 30 years suggest that fever and certain aspects of both immunoregulation and inflammation are produced by a single hormone, the monokine interleukin-1, which has presumably been selected by evolution to protect the host against infection.
关于发热作为疾病主要特征的早期概念，从希波克拉底时代到《圣经》中的记载都有，并且在欧洲几次重大的黑死病和肺结核（19世纪早期的“白色瘟疫”）大流行期间影响了文化观念。19世纪，随着温德利希首次广泛使用临床体温计，体温调节和发热的观念也在不断演变。过去30年里关于发热发病机制的实验研究表明，发热以及免疫调节和炎症的某些方面是由一种单一激素——单核因子白细胞介素-1产生的，这种激素大概是经过进化选择来保护宿主免受感染的。
