Horst J, Stanbro H, Merril C R
Hum Genet. 1980;54(3):289-302. doi: 10.1007/BF00291572.
Numerous types of interaction between pro- and eucaryotes exist in nature, from the endosymbiosis of some bacteria with unicellular organisms and insects to the complex systems of bacterial flora associated with the skin and intestines of animals and man, and nitrogen-fixation and crown-gall tumor induction in plants. Until recently, such interactions were not thought to include genetic transfer, but an increasing body of evidence points to the probability of similar naturally-occurring exchanges with wide-ranging implications for evolution and genetic manipulation. Experiments to elucidate the possible effects of procaryotic genes in eucaryotic systems have included in vitro and in vivo studies with both plant and animal systems, for instance the translation of bacterial messenger RNAs in the wheat germ and rabbit reticulocyte systems and the introduction of bacterial genes into plant protoplasts, animal cells and whole organisms. In the present paper we have tried to summarize the results of experiments involving the uptake, replication, transcription, translation and integration of procaryotic genes in various eucaryotic systems and to discuss the implications of such findings for basic research as well as for possible biomedical applications. Awareness of the possibility of procaryotic-eucaryotic genetic interactions may help to elucidate unresolved questions in pathology, such as possible involvement of the intestinal flora in carcinogenesis, as well as to provide valuable probes of eucaryotic control mechanisms and new approaches in agricultural genetic engineering.
自然界中存在着原核生物与真核生物之间的多种相互作用类型，从某些细菌与单细胞生物及昆虫的内共生现象，到与动物和人类皮肤及肠道相关的复杂细菌群落系统，以及植物中的固氮作用和冠瘿瘤诱导。直到最近，人们还认为这种相互作用不包括基因转移，但越来越多的证据表明，可能存在类似的自然发生的基因交换，这对进化和基因操作具有广泛影响。阐明原核基因在真核系统中可能产生的影响的实验包括对植物和动物系统进行的体外和体内研究，例如在小麦胚芽和兔网织红细胞系统中翻译细菌信使核糖核酸，以及将细菌基因导入植物原生质体、动物细胞和整个生物体。在本文中，我们试图总结在各种真核系统中涉及原核基因摄取、复制、转录、翻译和整合的实验结果，并讨论这些发现对基础研究以及可能的生物医学应用的意义。认识到原核生物与真核生物之间基因相互作用的可能性，可能有助于阐明病理学中尚未解决的问题，如肠道菌群在致癌过程中可能发挥的作用，也有助于为真核生物控制机制提供有价值的研究探针，并为农业基因工程提供新方法。
