Harris S E
Psychiatry. 1978 Feb;41(1):83-91.
The schizophrenic patient is often quite incommunicative about his current or past interpersonal relationships. Many workers feel that interviews with the schizophrenic's parents are also unreliable means of getting direct verbal information. Such pessimism is based on their experience that parents of schizophrenics often distort or delete information because of a concern with appearances, an inability to communicate adequately, or an investment in maintaining the patient status of their offspring. Difficulty in getting verbal data limits the therapist's understanding of the schizophrenic and his relationship with people. Observation of implicit communications through gestural interaction provides an important alternate means of getting information about interpersonal relationships which does not necessarily require the cooperation of the patient or his parents. As research in gestural communication improves, it should be possible to attempt a more detailed investigation of the interaction between the schizophrenic patients and others. Through the use of gestural or other implicitly communicative indices, such qualities as seductiveness, hostility, dependency, dominance, and others may ultimately prove to be measurable. Research has demonstrated that gestural behavior as a means of imlicit communication is indicative, in a gross sense, of the quality of interaction between people (Ekman, 1965; Exline and Winter, 1965). This study is concerned with mutual glances--moments in which two people look directly at each other at the same time so that their eyes meet.
精神分裂症患者常常对自己当前或过去的人际关系相当沉默寡言。许多工作人员认为，与精神分裂症患者的父母面谈也是获取直接言语信息的不可靠方式。这种悲观态度基于他们的经验，即精神分裂症患者的父母常常会扭曲或隐瞒信息，原因在于他们在意表象、无法充分沟通，或者执着于维持子女的患者身份。获取言语数据的困难限制了治疗师对精神分裂症患者及其人际关系的理解。通过手势互动观察隐含沟通提供了一种重要的替代方式来获取有关人际关系的信息，而这不一定需要患者或其父母的配合。随着手势沟通研究的改进，应该有可能尝试对精神分裂症患者与他人之间的互动进行更详细的调查。通过使用手势或其他隐含沟通指标，诸如魅力、敌意、依赖、支配等特质最终可能被证明是可测量的。研究表明，作为一种隐含沟通方式的手势行为，从总体上看，能表明人与人之间互动的质量（埃克曼，1965年；埃克斯林和温特，1965年）。本研究关注的是相互对视——即两人同时直接看向对方，目光交汇的时刻。
