Schmidtke J, Epplen J T
Hum Genet. 1980;55(1):1-18. doi: 10.1007/BF00329120.
Animal nuclear genomes contain DNA sequences of various degrees of repetition. These sequences are organized in highly ordered fashions; repetitive and nonrepetitive sequences either alternate in short periods, i.e., short [0.2-0.4 kilobases (kb) long] repeats are flanked by nonrepetitive sequences less than 2 kb long, or in longer periods, with repetitive and/or nonrepetitive sequences extending for several kilobases. There are two main categories of genome organization, namely those exhibiting short-period interspersion and those that do not. There are arguments for and against a regulatory role of short interspersed repetitive sequences. Besides the merely 'statistical' kinetic approach by conventional reassociation kinetics, sequence organization has been studied by restriction endonuclease mapping and nucleotide sequencing. Such studies have revealed some general features of the organization of the eukaryotic gene and its transcripts, namely possible 'promoters', 'leaders', 'introns', 'exons', 'flanking sequences', 'caps', ribosome-binding sites, and poly(A) sequences. This paper discusses how these elements of a gene might serve regulatory roles in its expression.
动物核基因组包含不同程度重复的DNA序列。这些序列以高度有序的方式组织；重复序列和非重复序列要么在短周期内交替出现，即短的[0.2 - 0.4千碱基（kb）长]重复序列两侧是长度小于2 kb的非重复序列，要么在较长周期内交替，重复序列和/或非重复序列延伸数千碱基。基因组组织主要有两类，即呈现短周期散布的和不呈现短周期散布的。对于短散布重复序列的调控作用存在支持和反对的观点。除了传统重退火动力学中单纯的“统计”动力学方法外，还通过限制性内切酶图谱分析和核苷酸测序研究了序列组织。这些研究揭示了真核基因及其转录本组织的一些一般特征，即可能的“启动子”“前导序列”“内含子”“外显子”“侧翼序列”“帽结构”、核糖体结合位点和聚腺苷酸（poly(A)）序列。本文讨论了基因的这些元件如何在其表达中发挥调控作用。
