Exner J E, Armbruster G, Mittman B
J Pers Assess. 1978 Feb;42(1):27-38. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4201_4.
Five groups of subjects, consisting of 20 schizophrenics, 20 depressives, 20 nonpatient adolescents, and 40 nonpatient adults split at the median on the MMPI K Scale, were instructed to give as many responses as possible to each Rorschach card within a 60-second time limit per card. The average number of answers given by each group was dramatically greater than the mean number obtained under standard test conditions, with approximately two-thirds of all answers occurring during the first 30 seconds of card exposure. Evaluation of form quality shows no deterioration of goodness of it with the increase in R, that is, all groups, except the schizophrenics, consistently gave good form quality answers. After testing was completed, subjects in the four adult groups were asked to select their two "best" answers to each card. The high K nonpatients and depressive tended to select the greatest number of Popular answers while the schizophrenics selected the fewest Populars and picked a significant number of poor form answers. In a related study, 20 therapists recruited two each of their own patients for testing. Each therapist tested one of his own patients while the second patient was tested by another therapist. Results show that therapists and to obtain longer and more "revealing" protocols from their own patients. The findings of these studies are discussed in the context of stimulus assimilation, ranking of interpretations, and the issue of social desirability.
五组受试者，包括20名精神分裂症患者、20名抑郁症患者、20名非患者青少年以及40名在明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）K量表得分中位数处划分的非患者成年人，被要求在每张罗夏墨迹测验卡片60秒的时间限制内尽可能多地给出反应。每组给出的平均答案数量显著多于在标准测试条件下获得的平均数，大约三分之二的答案出现在卡片呈现的前30秒内。对形式质量的评估表明，随着反应数量（R）的增加，形式质量并未恶化，也就是说，除精神分裂症患者组外，所有组始终给出质量良好的形式答案。测试完成后，四个成年组的受试者被要求从每张卡片中选出他们认为“最好”的两个答案。高K分的非患者和抑郁症患者倾向于选择最多的常见答案，而精神分裂症患者选择的常见答案最少，且选择了大量形式质量差的答案。在一项相关研究中，20名治疗师各自招募了两名患者进行测试。每位治疗师测试自己的一名患者，而另一名患者由另一位治疗师测试。结果表明，治疗师从自己的患者那里获得了更长且更“有揭示性”的记录。这些研究结果在刺激同化、解释排序以及社会期望问题的背景下进行了讨论。
