In vitro effect of asbestos fibers on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Incubation of chrysotile and amphibole asbestos fibers with normal human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) resulted in a significant stimulation of PMN metabolic activity and generation of toxic oxygen by-products as measured by chemiluminescence (CL). Although all asbestos fibers tested were cytotoxic to PMN, cytotoxicity and CL varied disproportionately with fiber type. Anthophyllite asbestos produced the greatest PMN cytotoxicity. It also depressed PMN phagocytosis of latex beads the most and induced the greatest PMN CL response of the fiber types examined. We postulate that asbestos-induced release of toxic oxygen by-products from PMN which have infiltrated into the pulmonary alveoli may contribute to disease pathogenesis in asbestosis.