Ernster V L, Selvin S, Sacks S T, Merrill D W, Holly E A
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982 Oct;69(4):773-6.
Incidence rates by income level were computed for squamous cell carcinomas of the gum and mouth, larynx, and esophagus and for squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma of the lung in white males and females aged 35--64 years, with the use of data for the nine geographic areas of the Third National Cancer Survey and the 1970 U.S. census. Within sex, age, and geographic area groups, patterns of cancer incidence by income level were analyzed by use of a nonparametric statistical method. Higher rates for males than for females were found for every histologic type studied, and the ratio of male-to-female rates increased with age (especially for squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and lung). A strong inverse relation to income level was found for all of the histologic types studied in males and for squamous cell carcinomas of the gum and mouth and esophagus and small cell carcinoma of the lung in females. These findings are discussed with reference to patterns of smoking and alcohol use by sex and social class.
利用第三次全国癌症调查九个地理区域的数据以及1970年美国人口普查数据，计算了35至64岁白人男性和女性牙龈和口腔、喉及食管鳞状细胞癌以及肺鳞状细胞癌、小细胞癌和腺癌按收入水平划分的发病率。在性别、年龄和地理区域组内，采用非参数统计方法分析了按收入水平划分的癌症发病率模式。在所研究的每种组织学类型中，男性发病率均高于女性，且男女发病率之比随年龄增长而增加（尤其是喉和肺的鳞状细胞癌）。在男性所研究的所有组织学类型以及女性牙龈和口腔、食管鳞状细胞癌和肺小细胞癌中，发现发病率与收入水平呈强烈负相关。结合按性别和社会阶层划分的吸烟和饮酒模式对这些发现进行了讨论。
