Gnann J W, Goetter W E, Elliott A M, Cobbs C G
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Jul;22(1):1-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.22.1.1.
The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone against 437 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli was determined. Ceftriaxone was found to have high in vitro activity against Enterobacteriaceae, with the exception of Enterobacter cloacae. Ceftriaxone was only minimally active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and toxicity of ceftriaxone in 55 adult patients. Bacterial infection was confirmed by the isolation of etiological bacteria in 30 patients. Infectious disorders treated included 10 pneumonias, 13 urinary tract infections, and 7 soft tissue or bone infections. Pathogens identified were 25 isolates of gram-negative bacilli, 5 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 5 isolates of pneumococci, and 4 isolates of other streptococci. The overall efficacy of ceftriaxone was excellent. The clinical cure rate was 93%, and the bacteriological cure rate was 93%. A total of 30 adverse reactions were noted in 22 of 55 patients receiving ceftriaxone, but only one necessitated discontinuation of treatment. Adverse effects frequently noted were elevated hepatic enzymes (16%), thrombocytosis (16%), and eosinophilia (8%). Ceftriaxone is an effective and well-tolerated antimicrobial agent that appears promising for the treatment of serious gram-negative bacillary infections.
测定了头孢曲松对437株革兰氏阴性杆菌临床分离株的体外活性。结果发现，头孢曲松对肠杆菌科细菌具有较高的体外活性，但阴沟肠杆菌除外。头孢曲松对铜绿假单胞菌和醋酸钙不动杆菌的活性极低。我们评估了头孢曲松在55例成年患者中的临床疗效和毒性。30例患者通过病原菌分离确诊为细菌感染。治疗的感染性疾病包括10例肺炎、13例尿路感染和7例软组织或骨感染。鉴定出的病原体有25株革兰氏阴性杆菌、5株金黄色葡萄球菌、5株肺炎球菌和4株其他链球菌。头孢曲松的总体疗效极佳。临床治愈率为93%，细菌学治愈率为93%。在接受头孢曲松治疗的55例患者中，有22例共出现30次不良反应，但只有1例需要停药。常见的不良反应有肝酶升高（16%）、血小板增多（16%）和嗜酸性粒细胞增多（8%）。头孢曲松是一种有效且耐受性良好的抗菌药物，在治疗严重革兰氏阴性杆菌感染方面似乎很有前景。
