Fenner F
Rev Infect Dis. 1982 Sep-Oct;4(5):916-30. doi: 10.1093/clinids/4.5.916.
Smallpox was the first important disease to be eradicated; it was the success of the Smallpox Eradication Programme that inspired this conference. Several biological reasons favored the eradication of smallpox, the most important of which were probably that recurrent infectivity did not occur, that there was no animal reservoir, and that an effective stable vaccine was available. The importance of smallpox as a disease that travelers might import into countries free of smallpox provided a powerful stimulus for its global eradication. This paper highlights some of the problems associated with the eradication of smallpox in two countries where eradication was difficult, India and Ethiopia, and the measures adopted to overcome the problems. The paper also stresses the importance of the development of methods for the certification of smallpox eradication from countries, from regions, and finally from the whole world. It is noted that close links between field work and research were important throughout the eradication campaign.
天花是第一种被根除的重要疾病；正是天花根除计划的成功促成了本次会议。几个生物学因素有利于天花的根除，其中最重要的可能是不会出现反复感染、不存在动物宿主，并且有有效的稳定疫苗。天花作为一种旅行者可能带入无天花国家的疾病，其重要性为全球根除天花提供了强大动力。本文重点介绍了在印度和埃塞俄比亚这两个根除工作困难的国家根除天花所面临的一些问题，以及为克服这些问题所采取的措施。本文还强调了制定从国家、地区直至全球认证天花已被根除的方法的重要性。需要指出的是，在整个根除行动中，实地工作与研究之间的紧密联系至关重要。
