Kominami R, Muramatsu M, Moriwaki K
Nature. 1983 Jan 6;301(5895):87-9. doi: 10.1038/301087a0.
The Alu and its equivalent families of interspersed repetitive DNA sequences have been found in various mammalian genomes. It has been proposed that some of them might move around the genome like known prokaryotic and eukaryotic transposable elements, as most of these sequences are flanked by short direct repeats at both ends. To prove that this is the case, however, one must demonstrate the existence of homologous sequences of DNA with and without Alu insertion among the genomes of different strains or individuals of a species. While studying a polymorphic repetitive sequence (PR1) originally found in the spacer region of mouse ribosomal RNA genes, we have now found that a sequence similar to the CHO type 2 Alu-equivalent element, designated M2, is inserted within a PR1 sequence which is located outside the ribosomal RNA gene and that this M2 segment is flanked by a short direct repeat at both ends. Furthermore, this PR1 segment containing M2 is detected only in the BALB/c strain among the laboratory mice and wild mouse subspecies examined. These facts suggest that the M2 sequence has been inserted into PR1 sequence relatively recently during evolution of mouse strains and support the idea that at least some of the Alu-equivalent families are mobile in the genome. Recently, Grimaldi and Singer reported an African green monkey alpha-satellite sequence that was interrupted by an Alu element.
散布的重复DNA序列的Alu及其等效家族已在各种哺乳动物基因组中被发现。有人提出,其中一些序列可能像已知的原核和真核转座元件一样在基因组中移动,因为这些序列中的大多数两端都有短的同向重复序列。然而,要证明情况确实如此,就必须证明在一个物种的不同品系或个体的基因组中存在有和没有Alu插入的DNA同源序列。在研究最初在小鼠核糖体RNA基因间隔区发现的多态性重复序列(PR1)时,我们现在发现,一个与CHO 2型Alu等效元件(称为M2)相似的序列插入到位于核糖体RNA基因之外的一个PR1序列中,并且这个M2片段两端都有短的同向重复序列。此外,在所检测的实验室小鼠和野生小鼠亚种中,仅在BALB/c品系中检测到含有M2的这个PR1片段。这些事实表明,M2序列是在小鼠品系进化过程中相对较近的时间插入到PR1序列中的,并支持了至少一些Alu等效家族在基因组中是可移动的这一观点。最近,格里马尔迪和辛格报道了一个被Alu元件中断的非洲绿猴α卫星序列。