Deinstitutionalization and the private general hospital inpatient unit: implications for clinical care.

Deinstitutionalization has led to a rapid shift from reliance on state hospitals to use of community-based inpatient psychiatric services. While these inpatient units were initially envisioned as an integral part of the community mental health system, a number of sociopolitical and clinical pressures have caused general hospitals to respond to their new responsibilities in different ways. The authors review trends in deinstitutionalization, the diverging interests of public and private general hospitals, and problems in patient care that result. Based on a discussion of how Beth Israel Hospital, a nonprofit private general hospital in Boston, has dealt with such issues, they describe adaptive responses in four areas: admission criteria, patient management approaches, aftercare planning, and staff training.