Hochachka P W, Mommsen T P
Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1391-7. doi: 10.1126/science.6298937.
During oxygen limitation in animals, glucose can be fermented via several metabolic pathways varying in energetic efficiency and leading to various end products (such as lactate, alanopine, octopine, succinate, or propionate). Because of opposite pH dependencies of proton production by fermentation and by hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate formed in the fermentation, the total number of moles of protons generated is always two per mole of the fermentable substrate. However, two and three times more adenosine triphosphate can be turned over per mole of protons produced in succinate and propionate fermentations, respectively, than in lactate fermentation.
在动物处于氧限制状态时，葡萄糖可通过几种能量效率不同且会产生各种终产物（如乳酸、丙氨酸盐、章鱼碱、琥珀酸盐或丙酸盐）的代谢途径进行发酵。由于发酵产生质子以及发酵过程中形成的三磷酸腺苷水解产生质子对pH的依赖性相反，每摩尔可发酵底物产生的质子总摩尔数始终为两摩尔。然而，与乳酸发酵相比，每产生一摩尔质子，琥珀酸盐发酵和丙酸盐发酵分别可周转的三磷酸腺苷比乳酸发酵多两倍和三倍。
