Goldsmith D F, Guidotti T L, Johnston D R
Am J Ind Med. 1982;3(4):423-40. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700030408.
Silica is not generally considered to be a carcinogen, however, occupations characterized by high exposure to crystalline silica have excessive rates of lung cancer mortality. Respiratory cancer excesses have been reported from North America and from Europe for the following dusty trades in which exposure to silica is a common factor: iron and steel foundry workers, steel casting workers, sand blasters, metal molders, non-uranium miners, and ceramic workers. These findings have been reinforced by two reports from the Swedish Pneumoconiosis Register and the Ontario Ministry of Labor indicating that silicotics have statistically significant risks of lung cancer mortality. Animal studies suggest that silica can be an initiating carcinogen or can act as a cocarcinogen or promoter when combined with benzo(a)pyrene. We propose three candidate hypotheses and two pathways for silicocarcinogenesis.
二氧化硅一般不被认为是致癌物，然而，以高暴露于结晶二氧化硅为特征的职业中，肺癌死亡率过高。北美和欧洲已报告了以下粉尘行业的呼吸道癌症超额情况，在这些行业中，接触二氧化硅是一个共同因素：钢铁铸造工人、铸钢工人、喷砂工人、金属成型工人、非铀矿工和陶瓷工人。瑞典尘肺病登记处和安大略省劳动部的两份报告强化了这些发现，表明矽肺患者有统计学上显著的肺癌死亡风险。动物研究表明，二氧化硅可能是一种引发致癌物，或者在与苯并(a)芘结合时可作为促癌剂或启动子。我们提出了三个候选假说和两条硅致癌作用途径。
