Woźniak H, Lao I, Wiecek E, Wojtczak J, Maciejewska A
Med Pr. 1983;34(2):107-17.
Notifications of occupational diseases among building ceramics industry workers were analysed. During 1976-1980 six cases of pneumoconiosis among those workers were diagnosed. All those cases referred to workers of two divisions dealing with transport and preparation of raw materials for the production of thermallite brick of a mixture of clay from Jarosław, siliceous earth from Piotrowice and sawdust. Experiments on animals confirmed a very high biological aggressiveness of unheated siliceous earth and weak fibrogenic activity of clay dusts and dusts emitting from the burned thermallite brick. Diffractometric tests of the dusts indicated that the high biological aggressiveness of siliceous earth was due to alpha-crystoballite of low crystallinity. Under effect of high temperature (during brick burning) crystoballite of siliceous earth is subject to great changes (the degree of crystallinity gets increased), which results in its decreased fibrogenic properties. The experiments on animals confirmed a weak biological aggressiveness of the dust from burnt thermallite brick and considerably decreased aggressiveness of siliceous earth heated at 1200 degrees C for 4 hours, as compared to unheated siliceous earth. The weak fibrogenic activity of the dust of clay containing approx. 15% of alpha-quartz may be due to kaolinite and illite in this dust.
对建筑陶瓷行业工人的职业病报告进行了分析。在1976 - 1980年期间，诊断出该行业工人中有6例尘肺病。所有这些病例均涉及两个部门的工人，这两个部门负责运输以及为生产由亚罗斯瓦夫的粘土、皮奥特罗维采的硅藻土和锯末混合而成的保温砖准备原材料。动物实验证实，未加热的硅藻土具有很高的生物侵袭性，而粘土粉尘和烧制后的保温砖散发的粉尘具有较弱的致纤维化活性。对这些粉尘的衍射测试表明，硅藻土的高生物侵袭性归因于低结晶度的α - 方石英。在高温作用下（砖烧制过程中），硅藻土中的方石英会发生很大变化（结晶度增加），这导致其致纤维化特性降低。动物实验证实，与未加热的硅藻土相比，烧制后的保温砖粉尘的生物侵袭性较弱，在1200摄氏度下加热4小时的硅藻土的侵袭性也大幅降低。含约15%α - 石英的粘土粉尘的致纤维化活性较弱，可能是由于该粉尘中的高岭石和伊利石所致。
