Sharma J M, Lee L F
Infect Immun. 1983 Nov;42(2):747-54. doi: 10.1128/iai.42.2.747-754.1983.
A pathogenic isolate of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) caused persistent and extensive lesions in the bursa but mild and transient lesions in the thymuses of chickens of lines 63 and P. The effect of IBDV on two cellular immune functions, namely, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and mitogenic response, was studied. The natural killer cell activity was not consistently influenced, but the virus, during the first 2 weeks of infection, caused transient depression of the blastogenic response of spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin. Studies on mitogenic hyporesponsiveness revealed that the functional impairment was mediated by a suppressor cell that shared several characteristics with macrophages; i.e., the suppressor cell was adherent to plastic, was phagocytic, and resisted treatment with antithymocyte and antibursa cell sera. Removal of suppressor cells from the spleens of virus-infected chickens resulted in restoration of the mitogenic response of cells. Further, in mixing experiments, the suppressor cell isolated from the spleens of virus-infected chickens also inhibited the mitogenic response of normal spleen cells. We concluded that reduced mitogenic response of lymphocytes in IBDV-infected chickens was not due to a lack of functional T-cells, as suggested previously by others, but was due to macrophage-like suppressor cells. The suppressor cells, although present in certain normal chickens, became activated during early stages of IBDV infection.
一种传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）的致病分离株在63系和P系鸡的法氏囊中引起了持续性广泛病变，但在胸腺中引起的病变轻微且短暂。研究了IBDV对两种细胞免疫功能的影响，即自然杀伤细胞的细胞毒性和有丝分裂原反应。自然杀伤细胞活性并未受到持续影响，但在感染的前两周，该病毒导致脾细胞对植物血凝素的增殖反应出现短暂抑制。对有丝分裂原低反应性的研究表明，功能损伤是由一种与巨噬细胞具有若干共同特征的抑制细胞介导的；即，该抑制细胞可黏附于塑料，具有吞噬作用，并且对抗胸腺细胞血清和抗法氏囊细胞血清的处理具有抗性。从病毒感染鸡的脾脏中去除抑制细胞可使细胞的增殖反应恢复。此外，在混合实验中，从病毒感染鸡的脾脏中分离出的抑制细胞也抑制了正常脾细胞的增殖反应。我们得出结论，IBDV感染鸡中淋巴细胞增殖反应降低并非如其他人之前所暗示的那样是由于功能性T细胞缺乏，而是由于巨噬细胞样抑制细胞所致。这些抑制细胞虽然在某些正常鸡中存在，但在IBDV感染的早期阶段被激活。
