Nakamura M M, Overall J E, Hollister L E, Radcliffe E
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1983 Spring;7(2):188-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1983.tb05437.x.
Eighty-eight patients consecutively admitted to an alcohol treatment program were studied to determine the amount of depressive symptoms on entry to the program and after 4 weeks of treatment. The degree of symptoms was in turn related to various aspects of their drinking behavior. Twenty-two of the patients were classified as having moderate to marked depressive symptoms, 40 had mild symptoms, and 26 had no significant symptoms at the time of entry into the program. Factors in drinking behavior that best characterized those with moderate to marked symptoms were addiction, sleep disturbance, hangover incapacitation, loss of control, neurological signs, and organicity/toxicity. At the end of treatment, only four patients could actually be diagnosed as depressed, while 12 had mild residual symptoms and 72 no longer had significant symptoms. The one factor that clearly distinguished those patients with residual depressive symptoms was the use of drinking for social facilitation. For such individuals, bars and drinking were the focus of social life. The favorable course of depressive symptoms in alcoholics soon after they stop drinking suggests that they are more likely the consequence of drinking than the cause of it. The fact that patients who drink primarily to facilitate social aspects of their lives were the most likely to have residual symptoms suggests that treatment of such individuals should involve development of alternative mechanisms of social interaction.
对连续收治入酒精治疗项目的88名患者进行了研究，以确定其入组时和治疗4周后的抑郁症状量。症状程度又与他们饮酒行为的各个方面相关。22名患者被归类为有中度至重度抑郁症状，40名有轻度症状，26名在入组时无明显症状。最能表征有中度至重度症状患者的饮酒行为因素是成瘾、睡眠障碍、宿醉失能、失控、神经体征以及器质性病变/毒性。治疗结束时，实际上只有4名患者可被诊断为抑郁，12名有轻度残留症状，72名不再有明显症状。唯一能明确区分有残留抑郁症状患者的因素是为社交便利而饮酒。对于这类人来说，酒吧和饮酒是社交生活的核心。酗酒者在停止饮酒后不久抑郁症状的良好转归表明，这些症状更可能是饮酒的后果而非原因。主要为便利社交生活而饮酒的患者最有可能有残留症状，这一事实表明，对此类个体的治疗应包括发展替代社交互动机制。
