Palmer J P
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Jul;12(2):381-9. doi: 10.1016/s0300-595x(83)80047-4.
Alcoholic ketoacidosis is a common condition which occurs predominantly in chronic alcoholics. The usual picture is an interval of increased ethanol intake followed by one or more days of abdominal pain, vomiting, dehydration and a marked decrease in caloric intake. Acidosis is frequently as severe as in diabetic ketoacidosis, but the serum Acetest measurement of ketones may be negative or only slightly positive because of the predominance of beta-hydroxybutyrate compared with acetoacetate. Treatment with intravenous glucose and saline are the essentials of management. Insulin, bicarbonate and phosphate are usually not needed. The major cause of morbidity and mortality is not the acidosis but rather failure to adequately treat concurrent medical or surgical conditions.
酒精性酮症酸中毒是一种常见病症，主要发生于慢性酗酒者。通常情况是，乙醇摄入量增加一段时间后，接着出现腹痛、呕吐、脱水及热量摄入显著减少等持续一天或多天的症状。酸中毒程度常与糖尿病酮症酸中毒一样严重，但由于β-羟丁酸比乙酰乙酸占优势，血清酮体测定（如Acetest）可能呈阴性或仅轻微阳性。静脉输注葡萄糖和生理盐水是治疗的关键。通常不需要胰岛素、碳酸氢盐和磷酸盐。发病和死亡的主要原因并非酸中毒，而是未能充分治疗并发的内科或外科疾病。
