Etzel K R, Cousins R J
J Nutr. 1983 Aug;113(8):1657-63. doi: 10.1093/jn/113.8.1657.
The effect of zinc on serum glucose, insulin and glucagon as well as liver glycogen was investigated in normal, adrenalectomized (ADX), and diabetic rats. Serum glucose was significantly elevated within 15 minutes after intraperitoneal administration of zinc (25 mumol) but returned to normal limits within 4 hours. Similar effects on serum glucose were noted with orally administered zinc. Significant depletion of hepatic glycogen in zinc-treated rats suggests glycogenolysis was responsible at least in part for the increased blood glucose. Adrenalectomy completely eliminated the hyperglycemic response to this metal, whereas adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine and propranolol was effective in preventing hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemic response to zinc was not eliminated in diabetic rats. Administration of dexamethasone, alone or in combination with zinc, was unable to change serum glucose concentrations in ADX rats. Plasma glucagon was significantly elevated within 15 minutes but was reduced 6 hours after zinc treatment. Insulin was significantly depressed within 30 minutes after administration of zinc and eventually increased over controls by 4 hours after treatment. These data suggest that the hyperglycemic response to zinc depends on a mechanism, requiring an intact adrenal gland, which acts to produce a rapid alteration in blood glucose.
在正常、肾上腺切除（ADX）和糖尿病大鼠中研究了锌对血清葡萄糖、胰岛素、胰高血糖素以及肝糖原的影响。腹腔注射锌（25微摩尔）后15分钟内血清葡萄糖显著升高，但在4小时内恢复到正常范围。口服锌对血清葡萄糖也有类似作用。锌处理的大鼠肝糖原显著耗竭，提示糖原分解至少部分导致血糖升高。肾上腺切除完全消除了对这种金属的高血糖反应，而用苯氧苄胺和普萘洛尔进行肾上腺素能阻断可有效预防高血糖。糖尿病大鼠对锌的高血糖反应未消除。单独给予地塞米松或与锌联合给予，均无法改变ADX大鼠的血清葡萄糖浓度。血浆胰高血糖素在锌处理后15分钟内显著升高，但在6小时后降低。胰岛素在给予锌后30分钟内显著降低，最终在处理后4小时比对照组升高。这些数据表明，对锌的高血糖反应依赖于一种机制，该机制需要完整的肾上腺，其作用是使血糖迅速改变。
