Tanguay R M
Can J Biochem Cell Biol. 1983 Jun;61(6):387-94. doi: 10.1139/o83-053.
The induction by thermal stress of certain specific genes (heat-shock genes) first described in Drosophila has recently been observed in a wide variety of unicellular and multicellular organisms, emphasizing the basic importance of this ubiquitous response. Recent data dealing with the molecular mechanisms involved in the intensive transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation during heat shock is reviewed with emphasis on the induction of the response and the putative function of the heat-shock proteins. A model showing the various interactions of cellular regulatory mechanisms operating in the heat-shocked cell is presented. While the list of agents or treatments inducing heat-shock proteins (hsp's) in various organisms is increasing, the identification of a hypothetical common inducing factor is elusive. The recently described reorganization of some cytoskeletal elements upon heat shock is discussed both in terms of its potential involvement in transcriptional and (or) translational regulation and of its putative relation with the cellular localization of the hsp's. Studies on the cellular localization of hsp's in various organisms do not show a clear uniform pattern which could help in elucidating the function of hsp's. On the other hand, studies on the thermal resistance of various cells types show a strong correlation between the induction of hsp's and the development of transitory thermotolerance. Such a protective function for hsp's can probably be extended to other types of cellular aggression.
热应激诱导某些特定基因（热休克基因）的现象最初是在果蝇中发现的，最近在各种各样的单细胞和多细胞生物中都有观察到，这凸显了这种普遍存在的反应的基本重要性。本文综述了近期有关热休克期间强烈转录和转录后调控所涉及分子机制的数据，重点是热休克反应的诱导以及热休克蛋白的假定功能。文中还展示了一个模型，该模型呈现了热休克细胞中各种细胞调控机制的相互作用。虽然诱导各种生物体中热休克蛋白（hsp）的因子或处理方法的清单在不断增加，但尚未找到一种假定的共同诱导因子。本文讨论了近期所描述的热休克后一些细胞骨架成分的重组，既涉及它在转录和（或）翻译调控中的潜在作用，也涉及其与热休克蛋白细胞定位的假定关系。对各种生物体中热休克蛋白细胞定位的研究并未显示出有助于阐明热休克蛋白功能的清晰统一模式。另一方面，对各种细胞类型耐热性的研究表明，热休克蛋白的诱导与短暂耐热性的发展之间存在很强的相关性。热休克蛋白的这种保护功能可能也适用于其他类型的细胞攻击。
