Vidal J, Buscayret C, Connes H, Melka J, Orst G
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983 Nov(180):83-95.
There are three phases in the treatment of open fractures and infected pseudarthroses by the Hoffmann external fixator. During the initial phase a careful surgical debridement is performed in the bony tissues, and the external fixator is applied in a manner appropriate to the type and level of the lesion site (double- or triple-frame mounting; additional anchorages; neutralization, compression, or distraction; ligamentotaxis). During the intermediate phase both the nursing of the patient and care of the apparatus are critical for the avoidance of complications; it is during this period that granulation tissue must develop and bone infections must be controlled. In the final phase the loss of osseous substance must be treated by various means (regular tightening of the external fixator; Papineau's technique; intertibiofibular graft; free microvascular bone transplantation technique.
使用霍夫曼外固定器治疗开放性骨折和感染性假关节有三个阶段。在初始阶段，对骨组织进行仔细的外科清创，并根据损伤部位的类型和程度以适当方式应用外固定器（双框架或三框架安装；额外的锚固；中和、加压或牵引；韧带整复）。在中间阶段，患者护理和器械护理对于避免并发症至关重要；正是在此期间，肉芽组织必须生长，骨感染必须得到控制。在最后阶段，必须通过各种方法治疗骨质缺损（定期拧紧外固定器；帕皮诺技术；胫腓骨间植骨；游离微血管骨移植技术）。
